اثر اصالت ادراک شده بر رضایت و قصد بازدید مجدد گردشگران (مورد مطالعه: موزه مردم شناسی خانه کرد سنندج)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات اجتماعی و گردشگری، جامعه شناسی گردشگریاکبر پورفرج 1 * , ساسان احمدی 2
1 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت جهانگردی،مدیریت جهانگردی
2 - دانشجوی دکترای گردشگری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: اصالت ادراک شده, رضایت, بازدید مجدد, گردشگری میراث, خانه کرد, سنندج,
چکیده مقاله :
بسیاری از صاحب نظران و محققان بر این باورند که گردشگران رنج سفر را برای دیدن و تجربه اصالت در جغرافیایی دورتر از محل اقامت خود، تحمل می کنند، با این حال هنوز مطالعات تجربی محدودی این موضوع را بررسی کرده اند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی نقش اصالت ادراک شده بر رضایت و قصد بازدید مجدد گردشگران است. بنابراین با توجه به ادبیات تحقیق، اصالت ادراک شده به سه گروه اصالت عینی، اصالت ساختاری و اصالت وجودی تقسیم شده است. مطالعه موردی این تحقیق موزه مردم شناسی خانه کرد سنندج است. به طور کلی224پرسشنامه معتبر جمع آوری شد و دادهها با استفاده از نرم افزار اس پی اس اس و آموس از طریق روش تحلیل عاملی و مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری با حداقل مربعات جزئی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته است. نتایج تحقیق نشان میدهد که اصالت عینی، ساختاری و وجودی به طور مثبتی بر رضایت گردشگران تأثیر گذار بوده است. و به غیر از اصالت ساختاری، اصالت عینی و وجودی اثر مثبتی بر قصد بازدید مجدد گردشگران دارند. و در نهایت رضایت گردشگران نیز اثر مثبتی بر قصد بازدید مجدد آنها داشته است.
While many scholars believe that tourists take the trouble to visit authentic destinations away from their place of residence, few studies have so far been conducted in this regard. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the role of perceived authenticity on tourists' satisfaction and revisiting intention. To this end, perceived authenticity was divided into objective, structural, and existential categories based on the analysis of the related literature review. Moreover, the study was conducted in the Kourd House Ethnology Museum of Sanandaj. On the other hand, to collect the required data, a valid questionnaire was administered to 224 tourists who visited the place. Finally, the collected data were analyzed through SPSS20 software using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicated that objective, structural, and existential authenticity positively influenced tourists’ satisfaction. However, it was merely the objective and existential authenticity that exerted a positive effect on the tourists’ intention to revisit the place. Moreover, tourists’ satisfaction was also found to have a positive influence on their revisiting intention.
بهمنی، المیرا؛ گوردرزی، سروش محمد مهدی و زارعی، محمد ابراهیم. (1395). «بررسی شناخت عوامل زمینه گرا در کالبد خانهها و بافت کهن سنندج (با نگاهی به ویژگیهای عمارت وکیل الملک)». نشریه مطالعات شهر ایرانی اسلامی. دوره 7،شماره 26،صص55- 65.
کروبی، مهدی؛ بهاری، جعفر؛ بهاری، شهلا؛ بهاری، حامد؛ محمدی، سمیرا و بذله، مرجان. (1397). «بررسي روابط ساختاري بازديدهاي قبلي، انگيزهها، رضايت و قصد بازگشت مجدد گردشگران (مطالعه موردي: شهر تبريز)». فصلنامه جغرافیا و روابط انسانی، پاییز 1397، دوره1، شماره2.
شکور، علی؛ یاپنگ غراوی، محمد؛ فیضی، سلیمان و سلیمی، سبحان. (1400). «بررسی تأثیر اصالت ادراک شده، تصویرمقصد و تجربۀ به یاد ماندنی، بر قصد بازدید مجدد گردشگران (مطالعۀ موردی: شهرستان اردبیل)». فصلنامه جغرافیا و توسعه، شمارۀ63، تابستان1400. صفحات 199 – 226.
Abbasi, G.A., Kumaravelu, J., Goh, Y.-N. and Dara Singh, K.S. (2021), "Understanding the intention to revisit a destination by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB)", Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 282-311.
Akhoondnejad, A(2016). Tourist loyalty to a local cultural event: The case of Turkmen handicrafts festival. Tour.Manag. 2016, 52, 468–477.
Alegre, J and Cladera, M (2009): Analyzing the effect of satisfaction and previous visits on tourism intention to return. EJM, 43, 288-298.
Alves, H., Camp_on-Cerro, A.M. and Hern_andez-Mogoll_on, J.M. (2019), “Enhancing rural destinations’ loyalty through relationship quality”, Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 185-204.
Andimarjoko, P. (2019). Sustainable Perceived Authenticity in Cultural Tourism: Modeling Alsace and Bali. International Journal on The Academic Research Community Publication, 2(2), 1-13.
Apostolakis, A. (2003). The convergence process in heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 795–812.
Belhassen, Y.; Caton, K., and Stewart, W. P. (2008) The search for authenticity in the pilgrim experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), p. 668-689.
Berger, P. (1973). “Sincerity” and “Authenticity” in Modern Society. Public Interest, (Spring):81-90.
Boorstin, D. J. (1962).The image: a guide to pseudo-events in America. New York: Vintage Books.
Brida, J.G.; Disegna, M. and Scuderi, R. (2014). The visitors’ perception of authenticity at the museums: Archaeology versus modern art. Curr. Issues Tour. 2014, 17, 518–538Hair
Bruner, E. M. (1991). Transformation of self in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 18(2), p. 238-250.
Bruner, E. M. (1994). Abraham Lincoln as authentic reproduction. American Anthropologist,96(2), 397–415.
Chen, C.-F., and Tsai, D. C. (2007). How do destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28, 1115-1122.
Chhabra, D., Healy, R., and Sills, E. (2003). Staged authenticity and heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 702–719.
Chhabra, D. (2010). Sustainable marketing of cultural and heritage tourism. Routledge.
Chhabra, D.(2012). The authenticity of the objectively authentic. Ann. Tour. Res. 2012, 39, 499–502.
Cho, H., Joo, D. and Woosnam, K.M. (2020), “Sport tourists’ team identification and revisit intention: looking at the relationship through a nostalgic lens”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research
Christina, G. and Hailin, Q. (2008). Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction, and destination loyalty. Tourism Management, No. 29: 624-639.
Cohen, E.; Cohen, S.A.(2012). Authentication: Hot and cool. Ann. Tour. Res. 2012, 39, 1295–1314.
Cohen, E. (1988). Authenticity and Commoditization in Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 15:371-86.
Cole, S. T., and Scott, D. (2004). Examining the mediating role of experience quality in a model of tourist experiences. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 16, 79-90
Crompton, J. (1992). Structure of vacation destination choice sets. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 420-434.
Culler, J.(1981). Semiotics of Tourism. American Journal of Semiotics 1:127_140.
Davies, A.J., Prentice, R. C., (1995). Conceptualizing the latent visitor to heritage attractions. Tourism Management, 16(7), 491- 500.
Dominguez-quintero, A., Gonzalez- Rodriguz, M. and Paddison, B.(2018). The mediating role of experience quality on authenticity and satisfaction in the context of cultural–heritage tourism. Current issues in tourism.
Eco, U.(1986). Travels in Hyperreality. London: Picador.
Engeset, M.G. and Elvekrok, I. (2015). Authentic concepts: Effects on tourist satisfaction. Travel Res. 2015, 54, 456–466.
Flynn, T.R. (2008). Existentialism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fornell, C. (1992). A national customer satisfaction barometer: The Swedish Experience, Journal of Marketing, 56, 6-21.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Frisvoll, S. (2013). Conceptualizing authentication of ruralness. Ann. Tour. Res. 2013, 43, 272–296.
Grayson, Kent and David Shulman (2000). “Indexicality and the Verification Function of Irreplaceable Possessions: A Semiotic Analysis,” Journal of Consumer Research, 27 (June), 17–30.
Girish, V.G., Chen, C-F. (2016). Authenticity, experience, and loyalty in the festival context: Evidence from the San Fermin festival, Spain. Current issues in tourism. Pages 1551-1556.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(2nd ed.). Sage.
Hair, J. F., Jr, Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Los Angeles: Sage.
Halewood, C.; Hannam, K. (2001).Viking heritage tourism: Authenticity and commodification. Annals of Tourism Research, 28, 565–580.
Handler, R., and W. Saxton. (1988). Dissimulation: Reflexivity, Narrative, and the Quest for Authenticity in Living History. Cultural Anthropology 3:242_260.
Heidegger, M. (1996). Being and Time. Oxford: Blackwell.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135.
Hobsbawm, E., and T. Ranger. (1983). The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hulland., J. S. (1999). Use of partial least squares PLS in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195-204.
Kamrul, H., Shamsul Kamariah, A., Faridul, I., & Nayeema Maswood, N. (2020): An Integrated Model for Examining Tourists’ Revisit Intention to Beach Tourism Destinations. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism.
Kim, H. and Jamal, T. (2007). Touristic quest for existential authenticity. Ann. Tour. Res. 2007, 34, 181–201.
Kirillova, K., Lehto, X.Y. and Cai, L. (2017), “Existential authenticity and anxiety as outcomes: the tourist in the experience economy”, International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 13-26, available at:https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2080
Kolar, T. and Zabkar, V. (2010). A consumer-based model of authenticity: An oxymoron or the foundation of cultural heritage marketing? Tour. Manag. 2010, 31, 652–664.
Lee, C.K.; Yoon, Y.S. and Lee, S.K. (2007). Investigating the relationships among perceived value, satisfaction, and recommendations: The case of the Korean DMZ. Tour. Manag. 2007, 28, 204–214.
Lefebvre.B,Rodier.X,and Saligny.L(2008), UNDERSTANDING URBAN FABRIC WITH THE OH_FET MODEL BASED ON SOCIAL USE, SPACE AND TIME. Archeologia e Calcolatori,Vol.19,PP.195-214.
Lithe, M. A.; Anderson, L. F.; Brown, P. J. (1993). What Makes A Craft Souvenir Authentic? Annals of Tourism Research, 20, p. 197-215.
Liu, J.; Zhu, J.; Lin, C.; Li, Y. and Wu, L. (2017). Farming versus tourism: The case of a World Heritage Site in China. Tour. Econ. 2017, 23, 1581–1590.
Loi, L. T. I., So, A. S. I., Lo, I. S., and Fong, L. H. N. (2017). Does the quality of tourist shuttles influence revisit intention through destination image and satisfaction? The case of Macao. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management, 32, 115-123.
Lu, L.; Chi, C.G. and Liu, Y(2015). Authenticity, involvement, and image: Evaluating tourist experiences at historic districts. Tour. Manag. 2015, 50, 85–96.
Mac Cannell, D.(1973). Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings. Am. J. Sociol, 79, 589–603.
MacCannell, D. (1976) The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class, Schocken Books Inc., New York.
Mkono, M. (2012). Authenticity does matter. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 480-483.
Moscardo, G., and Pearce, P. L. (1999). Understanding ethnic tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 416-434.
Nam, C., Dong, H., & Lee, Y.-A. (2017). Factors influencing consumers’ purchase intention of green sportswear. Fashion and Textiles, 4(1), 2.
Nguyen, T.H.H. and Cheung, C. (2016).Chinese Heritage Tourists to Heritage Sites: What are the effects of heritage motivation and perceived authenticity on satisfaction? Asia Pac. J. Tour. Res. 2016, 21, 1155–1168.
Nguyen, T.H.H. (2020). A reflective–formative hierarchical component model of perceived authenticity. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, Vol. XX, No. X, Month 201X, 1–24
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469.
Oliver, R. L. (1981). Measurement and evaluation of satisfaction processes in retail settings. Journal of Retailing, 57(3), 25–48.
Olsen, K. (2002). Authenticity as a concept in tourism research: The social organization of the experience of authenticity. Tourist Studies, 2(2), 159–182.
Park, S., Hwang, D., Lee, W.S. and Heo, J. (2018). Influence of nostalgia on authenticity, satisfaction, and revisit intention: The case of Jidong Mural Alley in Korea. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 1-17.
Paulauskaite, D., Morrison, A.M.,Powell, R. and Stefaniak, J.A.C. (2017). Living like a local: authentic
tourism experiences and the sharing economy.International Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 19 No. 6.
Pizam, A.; Neumann, Y. and Reichel, A. (1978). Dimensions of tourist satisfaction with a destination area. Ann. Tour. Res. 1978, 5, 314–322.
Purwaningsih, R. (2013). The Influence of Service Quality of Tour Guide on Tourists’ Satisfaction in Prambanan Temple. Jurnal Nasional Parawisata, 5(3), 146-153
Ramkissoon, H. and Uysal, M.S. (2011). The effects of perceived authenticity, information search behavior, motivation, and destination imagery on cultural behavioral intentions of tourists. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(6), 537-562.
Ramkissoon, H. (2015).Authenticity, satisfaction, and place attachment: A conceptual framework for cultural tourism in African island economies. Dev. South. Afr. 2015, 32, 292–302.
Rickly-Boyd, J. M. (2012). Authenticity & aura: A benjaminian approach to tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 269–289.
Sadeh, E., Asgari, F., Mousavi, L. and Sadeh, S. (2012). Factors Affecting Tourist Satisfaction and Its Consequences. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(2), 1157-1560.
Salamone, F. A. (1997). Authenticity in Tourism: The San Angel Inns. Annals of Tourism Research 24:305_321.
Sangkaeng, S., Mananeke, L. and Oroh, S.G. (2015). The Influence of Image, Promotion and Service Quality of a Destination on Tourist Satisfaction in Taman Laut Tourism Destination North Sulawesi. Jurnal Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 3(3).
Seetanah , B., Teeroovengadum. and Nunkoo, R. (2018). Destination Satisfaction and Revisit Intention of Tourists: Does the Quality of Airport Services Matter? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research 44(2).
Shen, S., Guo, J., and Wu, Y. (2012). Investigating the structural relationships among authenticity, loyalty, involvement, and attitude toward world cultural heritage sites: An empirical study of Nanjing Xiaoling Tomb, China. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(1), 110–121.
Silaban, P., H, Octoyuda, E. and Silagahi, A.(2020). The Role of Authenticity and Satisfaction on Tourists' Revisit Intention at Air Soda Destination. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration. pp. 365-376
Silver, I. (1993). Marketing authenticity in third world countries. Annals of Tourism Research, 20(2), 302-318.
Steiner, C. J., and Reisinger, Y. (2005). Understanding existential authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(2), 299–318.
Stylos, N., Vassiliadis, C. A., Bellou, V., and Andronikidis, A. (2016).Destination images, holistic images, and personal normative beliefs: Predictors of intention to revisit a destination. Tourism Management, 53, 40–60.
Stylos, N., Bellou, V., ronikidis, A., and Vassiliadis, C. A. (2016). Linking the dots among destination images, place attachment, and revisit intentions: A study among British and Russian tourists. Tourism Management, 60, 15-29.
Su, X., Li, X., Wu, Y., and Yao, L. (2019). How is intangible cultural heritage valued in the eyes of inheritors? Scale development and validation. Journal of Hospitality &Tourism Research, 44(5), 806-834.
Trilling, L. (1978), Sincerity and Authenticity, Oxford University Press, London.
Trilling, L. (1972). Sincerity and Authenticity. London: Oxford University Press.
Tse David K. and Willton Peter. C. (1998). Models of Consumer Satisfaction Formation: An Extension. Journal of Marketing Research, No 25, PP 204-212.
Waitt, G. (2000). Consuming heritage: Perceived historical authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(4), 835-862.
Wang, N.(1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Ann. Tour. Res. 1999, 26, 349–370.
Yang, J.; Jin, S.; Xiao, X.; Jin, C.; Xia, J.C.; Li, X. and Wang, S.(2019). Local climate zone ventilation and urban land surface temperatures: Towards a performance-based and wind-sensitive planning proposal in megacities. Sustain. Cities Soc. 2019, 47, 101487.
Zatori, A.; Smith, M.K. and Puczko, L. (2018). Experience-involvement, memorability, and authenticity: The service provider’s effect on tourist experience. Tour. Manag. 2018, 67, 111–126. 69.
Zhang, H., Wu, Y., and Buhalis, D. (2018). A model of perceived image, memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 8, 326-336.
Zhang, T.; Yin, P. and Peng, Y.(2021). Effect of Commercialization on Tourists’ Perceived Authenticity and Satisfaction in the Cultural Heritage Tourism Context: Case Study of Langzhong Ancient City. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6847
Zhou, Q.B.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, H.; Ma, J.(2015) A structural model of host authenticity. Ann. Tour. Res., 55,28–45.
Zhou, J., Xiang, K., Cheng, Q., and Yang, C. (2021). Psychological and behavioral consistency value seeking of tourists in niche tourism: nostalgia, authenticity perception, and satisfaction. Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2021:14 1111–1125.