• OpenAccess
    • List of Articles Ozra Azizi

      • Open Access Article

        1 - A Comparative Study of the Tourism Laws’ Hierarchy and Regulations in Iran and Other Countries
        Ozra Azizi Ali Asghar Shalbafian aboutaleb ghasemi
        Laws and regulations are among the most important executive and monitoring tools that help governments fulfill their role in setting tourism development policies, and assessing, controlling, and regulating the relations among tourism stakeholders. Therefore, this study More
        Laws and regulations are among the most important executive and monitoring tools that help governments fulfill their role in setting tourism development policies, and assessing, controlling, and regulating the relations among tourism stakeholders. Therefore, this study sought to examine the structure and titles of tourism laws in China, France, Malaysia, and Turkey and compare them with the relevant laws and regulations exercised in Iran to identify the status of the key issues in the respective hierarchical system of those countries' laws and regulations. To this end, the study followed the comparative law methodology to analyze the content of the laws and regulations mentioned above using a text-based approach. According to the findings of the study, many of the issues that are turned into law in the countries investigated in the current study occupy a lower position in the hierarchy of Iran’s Tourism Laws and Regulations System, being referred to in terms of either by-laws or executive instructions. Moreover, some issues have not been addressed at any level. Therefore, it can be argued that compared to the countries studied in this research, Iran’s tourism sector does not enjoy a proper status in Iran’s legal system. In other words, the current laws and regulations enforced in Iran lack many key tourism-related issues that could help regulate the relations between various relevant stakeholders, prevent unnecessary interventions by different bodies and organizations, reduce the number of lawsuits among the suppliers of tourism services and tourists, or help coordinate the relevant actors in achieving the intended goals. Therefore, the tourism sector needs a centralized, transparent, and comprehensive law. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Investigating Value Creation Framework through Tourism Services' Integrated Electronic Supply Chain
        Ozra Azizi hamid Reza Zargham Broujeni Mahmood Ziaee Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard
        Supply chains have evolved over time from improving supply-side processes to meeting customer needs and value chains. The fact that the tourism industry's customers want to get an integrated product requires an interactive framework for value creation among different st More
        Supply chains have evolved over time from improving supply-side processes to meeting customer needs and value chains. The fact that the tourism industry's customers want to get an integrated product requires an interactive framework for value creation among different stakeholders, the realization of which has always faced some barriers. As the Internet and the development of the tourism's electronic supply chain provide an interactive platform for integration, this study sought to identify the factors involved in the integration of the supply chain and to find out how to create value through the chain. To this end, a framework was proposed based on the categories, sub-categories, and concepts presented in previous studies using the meta-synthesis method. Having reviewed 175 abstracts, t119 items were examined in terms of the Critical Assessment Skills Program checklist, and 35 items were investigated in terms of their content. The study's findings indicated that different types of internal and external drivers and barriers affected the macro environment, chain, and different aspects of internal integration, suppliers (external), and customers. Therefore, it could be argued that the integration of the supply chain and co-creation of value leads to value creation for all stakeholders and that the electronic supply chain provides the interactive grounds for integration, co-creation, and value creation. Manuscript profile