Key Success Factors of Crowdsourcing in in Developing Tourism Destination Capabilities: A Case Study of Yazd City
Subject Areas :
Hamed Fallah Tafti
1
*
,
Mahdieh Zahmatkesh Saredorahi
2
,
بهاره گورنگی
3
1 - Management Department, Science and Arts University
2 - PhD student in Tourism Management, Faculty of Tourism Sciences, Tehran University of Science and Culture, Iran.
3 -
Keywords: Crowdsourcing, # Tourist Social Participation, # Destination Capacity Development, # Fuzzy Network Analysis# ,
Abstract :
Today, information technology has made it possible to solicit the views of different people with diverse perspectives and ideological backgrounds. Being one of the benefits of IT, crowdsourcing could, as an easy-to-use public opinion survey tool, be used as a very useful instrument wherever social participation may facilitates the identification and resolution of problems. Having carefully reviewed previous studies of the field, we found that few attempts have so far been made to induce tourists to socially participate in identifying the opportunities for the development of civilian, cultural, and social infrastructures of tourist destinations. As one of the Iranian cultural and historical tourist destinations, Yazd city has recently been enlisted in UNESCO World Heritage sites and has attracted the attention of many tourists worldwide. Having said that, it appears that its tourism capacities and infrastructures need to be developed. This study, therefore, sought to identify the criteria which could be effective in the success of tourist crowdsourcing in offering appropriate solutions for the development of tourism in Yazd. To this end, the primary criteria for the successful implementation of crowdsourcing were extracted from the relevant literature, from which 25 criteria in six general categories were screened and identified via Delphi method. To rank the criteria mentioned, the opinions of Yazd tourism experts were collected through paired comparisons, being analyzed and ranked by fuzzy network analysis. The finding of the study indicated that human resources and cultural indices with the weights of 0.28 and 0.21 respectively were the most important factors in the success of tourist crowdsourcing.
"ابراهیم¬زاده، عیسی و ولاشجردی فراهانی، راضیه. (1392). «تحلیلی بر انگیزه گردشگران و تأثیر عامل جنسیت و درآمد بر آن، مطالعه موردی: گردشگران نوروزی شهرستان محلات». فصلنامه مطالعات شهری، 4(3)، 1-10.
جمشیدی‌ها، غلامرضا؛ پروایی هره دشت، شیوا؛ پیری، صدیقه و ادیب حاج باقری، ثریا. (1393). «بررسی نقش احساس تعلّق محلّه‌ای در افزایش مشارکت اجتماعی (موردمطالعه: محله قزل قلعه تهران)». مطالعات جامعه‌شناختی شهری، 4(12)، 1-24.
جوادزاده، نیما و بنی فاطمه، حسین. (1394). «بررسی جامعه‌شناختی میزان مشارکت مدنی و عوامل مرتبط با آن در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز». مطالعات جامعه‌شناسی، 8(29)، 57-73.
رفیعیان، مجتبی و احمدزاده نانوا، حسین. (1391). «سنجش ظرفیت‌های مشارکت اجتماعی در سیاست‌های مداخله در محلات ناکارآمد شهری». رفاه اجتماعی، ۱۲ (۴۶)، ۴۰۷-۴۲۹.
زارع، بیژن و روهنده، مجید. (1394). «بررسی عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر مشارکت اجتماعی- سیاسی مطالعه‌ای در باب شهروندان بالای 18 سال شهر کرج». مجله مطالعات اجتماعی ایران، 9(2)، 64-87.
سفیری، خدیجه و تمیز، رقیه. (1390). «فراتحلیل مطالعات مشارکت اجتماعی». مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران، 3(3)، 123-132.
منتظری، مرجان و براتی، ناصر. (1392). «برنامه‌ریزی راهبردی توسعه گردشگری، رهیافتی کارآمد جهت تحقق گردشگری پایدار (مطالعه موردی: شهر یزد (هفت شهر)»، 4 (شماره 47 و 48)، 40-57.
موسوی، میرطاهر. (1384). «تحلیل مشارکت اجتماعی در تهران (رویکرد خرده‌فرهنگ دهقانی راجرز)». رفاه اجتماعی، ۵ (۱۹)، ۳۰۱-۳۳۰.
Alonso, O., Rose, D. E., & Stewart, B. (2008, December). Crowdsourcing for relevance evaluation. In SIGIR forum (Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 9-15).
Arrow, K. J., Forsythe, R., Gorham, M., Hahn, R., Hanson, R., Ledyard, J. O., ... & Neumann, G. R. (2008). The promise of prediction markets.
Bakhtishodovich, B. S., Khamidov, O., Mamayunusovich, P. O., Ramos-Ramos, S. E. R. G. I. O., Bobirshoyvich, M. S., & Mukhamadaminovich, B. N. (2015). The role of social media, user generated platforms and crowd sourcing in the development of tourism destinations. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 6(4), 30-38.
Brabham, D. C. (2013). Crowdsourcing. Mit Press.
Brabham, D. C. (2008). Crowdsourcing as a model for problem solving: An introduction and cases. Convergence, 14(1), 75-90.
Campos, M. M., Hildebrand, A., La Piana, D., & Gowdy, H. (2009). Convergence: How five trends will reshape the social sector.
Chang, D. Y. (1996). Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP. European journal of operational research, 95(3), 649-655.
Cheng, C. H. (1997). Evaluating naval tactical missile systems by fuzzy AHP based on the grade value of membership function. European Journal of Operational Research, 96(2), 343-350.
Chua, R. Y., Roth, Y., & Lemoine, J. F. (2015). The impact of culture on creativity: How cultural tightness and cultural distance affect global innovation crowdsourcing work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 60(2), 189-227.
Deng, H. (1999). Multicriteria analysis with fuzzy pairwise comparison. International journal of approximate reasoning, 21(3), 215-231.
Gogus, O., & Boucher, T. O. (1998). Strong transitivity, rationality and weak monotonicity in fuzzy pairwise comparisons. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 94(1), 133-144.
Howe, J. (2006). The rise of crowdsourcing. Wired magazine, 14(6), 1-4.
Fuller, J., Hutter, K., & Koch, G. (2016). Crowdsourcing in the Tourism Industry: From Idea Generation Towards Merchandizing User-Generated Souvenirs. Open Tourism: Open Innovation, Crowdsourcing and Co-Creation Challenging the Tourism Industry, 277.
Kahraman, C., Ertay, T., & Büyüközkan, G. (2006). A fuzzy optimization model for QFD planning process using analytic network approach. European Journal of Operational Research, 171(2), 390-411.
Kittur, A., Chi, E. H., & Suh, B. (2008, April). Crowdsourcing user studies with Mechanical Turk. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 453-456). ACM.
Material, O. S., Estimation, D. R., Difference, S. R. & Population, E. (1968). “a<X<B U (a) = U,” vol. 4102, no. 1, p. 32.
Kohler, T., Stribl, A., & Stieger, D. (2016). Innovation for volunteer travel: Using crowdsourcing to create change. In Open tourism (pp. 435-445). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Prpić, J., Shukla, P. P., Kietzmann, J. H., & McCarthy, I. P. (2015). How to work a crowd: Developing crowd capital through crowdsourcing. Business Horizons, 58(1), 77-85.
Richard, B., Perry, W. P., & Ford, R. C. (2016). Crowdsourcing in the lodging industry: innovation on a budget. In Open Tourism (pp. 79-94). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Stemler, A. R. (2013). The JOBS Act and crowdfunding: Harnessing the power—and money—of the masses. Business Horizons, 56(3), 271-275.
Surowiecki, J. (2005). The Wisdom of Crowds. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
Welch, E. W. (2012). The relationship between transparent and participative government: A study of local governments in the United States. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(1), 93-115.
Wicks, R. H., Wicks, J. L., Morimoto, S. A., Maxwell, A., & Schulte, S. R. (2014). Correlates of political and civic engagement among youth during the 2012 presidential campaign. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(5), 622-644.
"