Exploring the Relationship between the Culture of Cooperation and the Creative Performance of Tourism Hoteling Organizations Staff
Subject Areas :majid sarani 1 , ali akbar amin bedokhti 2 * , sakineh jafari 3
1 -
2 -
3 -
Keywords: Culture of Cooperation# Creative Performance# Working Environment# Tourism, Hoteling# ,
Abstract :
In today’s competitive world, the key to success of tourism and hoteling organizations lies in their provision of creative products and services with regard to the different needs of their customers. As the staff’s creativity could provide organizations with some competitive advantages, they need to try more to increase their employees’ creativity so that they may enjoy such advantages. This applied descriptive-correlative study, therefore, set out to investigate the relationship between the culture of cooperation and the creative performance of those staff members working in tourism organizations and two, three and four-star hotels in Yazd, Iran. To this end, a population of 172 supervisors and employees from all two, three and four-star hotels of Yazd city were selected through stratified random sampling. Having administered the standard questionnaires on culture of cooperation, working environment, and creative performance, the collected data were analyzed through the path analysis model, using LISREL software. The findings of the study indicated a significant positive and direct correlation between the culture of cooperation and the employees’ creative performance, while the culture had no such effect on the creativity of the staff when enforced through the procedural justice as an intervening variable. It was also found that there was a significant indirect relationship between the culture and the employees’ creative performance when the sharing of knowledge acted as a mediator, and that the cooperative culture had an indirect effect on employees’ creativity with the motivation acting as a mediator. Moreover, the culture of cooperation proved to have a significant indirect influence on the employees’ creative performance with the promotion factor acting as an intervening variable.
"براتی، هاجر؛ عریضی، حمیدرضا؛ براتی، آذر؛ سرهنگی، کامران و رنجبر، حمیدرضا. (1392). «تأثیر عدالت سازمانی و جوسازمانی بر رفتارهای ضد تولید». مدیریت فرهنگ‌سازمانی. 11(4). 197-181.
جعفری، سکینه؛ احمدی، داریوش و نوروزی کوهدشت، رضا. (1396). «بررسي تأثير توانمندسازي کارکنان بر توسعه سازماني با تاکيدبر حمايت سازماني ادراک شده«. مدیریت فرهنگ سازمانی، 15(1)، 91-69.
رحمان زاده، سید علی. (1395). «عوامل سازمانی مؤثر بر ارتقای خلاقیت و نوآوری در سازمان صداوسیما». فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی. 6(3). 34-1.
محمود زاده، سید مجتبی و صداقت، مریم. (1392). «رابطه مديريت دانش و عملكرد سازماني در صنعت هتل داري». فصلنامه علمي ـ پژوهشي مطالعات مديريت گردشگري. 8(24). 119-89.
نوروزی، علیرضا، عباسی، عنایت و نعیمی، احمد. (1393). «تحلیل عاملی خلاقیت کارکنان سازمان جهاد کشاورزي استان ایلام». کارآفرینی و کشاورزي. 1(2). 108-96.
Amabile, T.M, & Conti, H. (1999). Changes in the work environment for creativity during downsizing. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 630–640.
Amabile, T.M., Conti, R., Coon, H., Lazenby, J, & Herron, M. (1996). Assessing the work Environment for creativity. Academy management annals, 39, 1154–1184.
Blader, S.L, & Tyler, T.R. (2009). Testing and extending the group engagement model: linkages between social identity, procedural justice, economic outcomes, and extra role behavior. Journal Applied Psychol, 94, 445–464.
Bright, L. (2013). Where does public service motivation count the most in government work environments? A preliminary empirical investigation and hypotheses. Reserve Personnel Management, 42(5), 5–26.
Cameron, K.S, & Quinn, R. E. (1999). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture. Addison-Wesley, Reading.
Chiang, C.F, & Hsieh, T.S. (2012). The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: the mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 180 190.
Deery, S., Iverson, R, & Walsh, J. (2002). Work relationships in telephone call centers: understanding emotional exhaustion and employee withdrawal. Journal Management Stud, 39, 471–496.
Dewett, T. (2004). Employee creativity and the role of risk. European Journal of Innovation Management, 7(4), 257-266.
Doolen, T.L., Hacker, M.E, & Van Aken, E.M. (2003). Impact of organizational context on work team effectiveness: a study of production team. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 50, 285–296.
Dul, J, & Ceylan, C. (2011). Work environments for employee creativity. Ergonomics, 54(1), 12–20.
George, J.M. (2007). Creativity in organizations. Academy management annals, 1, 439–477. Gupta, C.B. (2017). Human Resource Management. Sultan Chand & Sons.
Hamidi, Y., Najafi, L., Vatankhah, S., Mahmoudvand, R., Behzadpur, A, & Najafi, A. (2010). The effect of performance appraisal results on the personnel motivation and job promotion. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(9), 4178–4183.
Hannam, K, & Narayan, A. (2015). Intrinsic Motivation, Organizational Justice and Creativity. Journal Creativity Research, 27(2), 214-224.
Hansen, M.T., Noria, N, & Tierney, T. (1999). What’s your strategy for managing knowledge? Harvard Business Review, 77 (2), 106–116.
Hipple, S. (1998). Contingent work: results from the second survey. Monthly labor review, 121(11), 22–35.
Hon, A.H. (2011). Enhancing employee creativity in the Chinese context: the mediating role of employee self-concordance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(2), 375–384.
Hon, A.H. (2013). Does job creativity requirement improve service performance? A multilevel analysis of work stress and service environment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 161–170.
Hon, A.H.Y., Chan, W.W.H, & Lu, L. (2013). Overcoming work-related stress and promoting employee creativity in hotel industry: The role of task feedback from supervisor. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 33, 416-424.
Jurik, N, & Halemba, G. (1984). Gender, working conditions and the job satisfaction of women in a non-traditional occupation: female correctional officers in men’s prisons. Sociological Quarterly Journal, 25, 551–566.
Kearsley, G. (2002). Is online learning for everybody? Education and Information Technologies, 42(1), 41–44.
Kim, T.Y., Hon, A.H.Y, & Lee, D.R. (2010). Proactive personality and employee creativity: the effects of job creativity requirement and supervisor support for creativity. Creativity research journal, 22(1), 37–45.
Kim, W, & Park, J. (2017). Examining Structural Relationships between Work Engagement, Organizational Procedural Justice, Knowledge Sharing, and Innovative Work Behavior for Sustainable Organizations. Journal of Sustainability, 9(2), 205.
Klijn, M, & Tomic, W. (2010). A review of creativity within organizations from a psychological perspective. Journal of Management Development, 29(4), 322-343.
Kull, T.J., Narasimhan, R, & Schroeder, R. (2012). Sustaining the benefits of a quality initiative through cooperative values: a longitudinal study. Decision Sciences, 43(4), 553–588.
Lepak, D.P, & Snell, S.A. (1999). The human resource architecture: toward a theory of human capital allocation and development. Academy of Management Journal, 24, 31–48.
Lepak, D.P, Snell, S.A. (2002). Examining the human resource architecture: the relationships among human capital, employment, and human resource configurations. Journal Management, 28, 517–543.
Malik, M.A.R., Butt, A, & CHoi, J.N. (2015). Rewards and employee creative performance: Moderating effects of creative self-efficacy, reward importance, and locus of control. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 59–74.
March, J, & Simon, H. (1958). Organizations. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Martínez-Roz, E, & Orfila-Sintes, F. (2012). Training plans, manager’s characteristics and innovation in the accommodation industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 686-694.
Merlo, O., Bell, S.J., Menguc, B, & Whitwell, G.J. (2006). Social capital, customer service orientation and creativity in retail stores. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business Research, 59, 1214–1221.
Moorman, R.H. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journa Applied Psychology, 76 (6), 845–855.
Nazar Khan, M., Salman, M., Mufti, U, & Wajid, M. (2016). Impact of Organizational Justice on Perceived Creative Performance through Mediating Role of Innovative Climate. American Journal of Business and Society, 1(2), 53-59.
Niehoff, B.P., Moorman, R.H., Blakely, G, & Fuller, J. (2001). The influence of empowerment and job enrichment on employee loyalty in a downsizing environment. Group & Organization Management, 26, 93–112.
Oldham, G. R, & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 607–634.
Parnes, S.J, & Noller, R.B. (1972). Applied creativity: the creative studies Project-Part II: result of the two-year program. Journal of Creative Behavior, 6 (164), 186.
Parzefall, M.R, & Salin, D.M. (2010). Perceptions of and reactions to workplace bullying: a social exchange perspective. Human Relations, 63(6), 761–780.
Rice, G. (2006). Individual values, organizational context, and self-perceptions of employee creativity: evidence from Egyptian organizations. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business Research, 59(2), 233–241.
Richards, G. (2011). Creativity and tourism: the state of the art. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1225–1253.
Schepers, P, & Van den Berg, P.T. (2007). Social factors of work–environment creativity. Journal of Business and Psychology, 21, 407–428.
Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J, & Oldham, G. R. (2004). The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where shouldwe go from here? Journal of Management, 30, 933–958.
Sigala, M, & Chalkiti, K. (2015). Knowledge management, social media and employee creativity. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 45, 44–58.
Stamper, C.L, & Masterson, S.S. (2002). Insider or outsider? How employee perceptions of insider status affect their work behavior”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 875–894.
Stokols, D., Clitheroe, C, & Zmundzinas, M. (2002). Qualities of the work environment that promote perceived support for creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 14, 137–147.
Tyler, T.R. (2000). Social justice: outcome and procedure. International Journal of Psychology, 35, 117–125.
Tyler, T.R, & Blader, S.L. (2000). Cooperation in Groups: Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Behavioral Engagement. Psychology Press, Philadelphia.
Tsai, C.Y., Horng, J.S., Liu, C.H., & Hu, D.C. (2015). Work environment and atmosphere: The role of organizational support in the creativity performance of tourism and hospitality organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 46, 26–35.
Walumbwa, F.O., Hartnell, C.A, & Oke, A. (2010). Servant leadership, procedural justice climate, service climate, employee attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior: a cross-level investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 517–529.
Wang, C.J., Tsai, H.T, & Tsai, M.T. (2014). Linking transformational leadership and employee creativity in the hospitality industry: The influences of creative role identity, creative self-efficacy, and job complexity. Tourism Management Journal, 40, 79–89.
Wong, S, & Ladkin, A. (2008). Exploring the relationship between employee creativity and job-related motivators in the Hong Kong hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27, 426–437.
Wong, S, & Pang, L. (2003). Motivators to creativity in the hotel industry – perspectives of managers and supervisors. Tourism Management Journal, 24, 551-559.
"